お知らせ：『子どものデジタル脳完全回復プログラム』参考文献

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『子どものデジタル脳完全回復プログラム』参考文献

【文献リスト】2022.05.10

『子どものデジタル脳　完全回復プログラム』（ヴィクトリア・L・ダンクリー著、川島隆太監修、鹿田昌美訳）の書籍内で割愛した参考文献一覧を、こちらに掲載いたします。

プロローグ　子どもの「発達障害」が爆発的に増えたのはなぜか？

・Carmen Moreno et al., "National Trends in the Outpatient Diagnosis and Treatment of Bipolar Disorder in Youth," Archives of General Psychiatry 64, no. 9 (September 2007): 1032-39, doi:10.1001/archpsyc.64.9.1032.

・Hjördís Osk Atladóttir et al., "Time Trends in Reported Diagnoses of Childhood Neuropsychiatric Disorders: A Danish Cohort Study," Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 161, no. 2 (February 2007): 193-98, doi:10.1001/archpedi.161.2.193.

・Emily R. Cox et al., "Trends in the Prevalence of Chronic Medication Use in Children: 2002-2005," Pediatrics 122, no. 5 (November 1, 2008): e1053-e1061, doi:10.1542/peds.2008-0214.

・SSI Annual Statistical Report, 2012 (Washington, DC: Social Security Administration, July 2013), http://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/statcomps/ssi_asr/2012/ssi_asr12.pdf.

・Victoria J. Rideout, Elizabeth A. Vandewater, and Ellen A. Wartella, "Zero to Six: Electronic Media in the Lives of Infants, Toddlers and Preschoolers," 2003, http://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED482302; D. A. Christakis et al., "Television, Video, and Computer Game Usage in Children under 11 Years of Age," Journal of Pediatrics 145, no. 5 (2004): 652-56.

・"Facing the Screen Dilemma: Young Children, Technology and Early Education," Campaign for a Commercial Free Childhood, October 2012, http://www.commercialfreechildhood.org/screendilemma.

・Victoria J. Rideout, Ulla G. Foehr, and Donald F. Roberts, "Generation M2: Media in the Lives of 8- to 18-Year Olds," Kaiser Family Foundation Study, 2010, http://kff.org/other/poll-finding/report-generation-m2-media-in-the-lives/.

・"Kids' Cell Phone Ownership Has Dramatically Increased in Past Five Years" (Mediamark Research & Intelligence, January 2010), http://www.gfkmri.com/PDF/MRIPR_010410_KidsAndCellPhones.pdf.

・Rideout, Foehr, and Roberts, "Generation M2: Media in the Lives of 8- to 18-Year Olds," 2.

・U.S. Teen Mobile Report Calling Yesterday, Texting Today, Using Apps Tomorrow,Nielsen Report, October 14, 2010, www.nielsen.com/us/en/insights/news/2010/u-s-teen-mobile-report-calling-yesterday-texting-today-using-apps-tomorrow.html.

・John M. Grohol, "What Is Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder?" Psych Central, May 16, 2012, psychcentral.com/blog/archives/2012/05/16/what-is-disruptive-mood-dysregulation-disorder/.

PART1　スマホやタブレットが子どもの脳を壊す　～スクリーンメディアの不都合な真実～
第1章　デジタル機器は「ドラッグ」そのもの

・Simerpreet Ahuja and Santha Kumari, "The Impact of Extended Video Viewing on Cognitive, Affective and Behavioral Processes in Preadolescents" (doctoral thesis, School of Management and Social Sciences, Thapar University, Patiala147001, 2009); A. E. Mark and I. Janssen, "Relationship Between Screen Time and Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescents," Journal of Public Health 30, no. 2 (April 2, 2008): 153-60, doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdn022.

・David R. Fortin and Ruby Roy Dholakia, "Interactivity and Vividness Effects on Social Presence and Involvement with a Web-Based Advertisement," Journal of Business Research 58, no. 3 (March 2005): 387-96, doi:10.1016/S0148-2963(03)00106-1.

・David N. Greenfield, "Psychological Characteristics of Compulsive Internet Use: A Preliminary Analysis," CyberPsychology & Behavior 2, no. 5 (October 1, 1999): 403-12, doi:10.1089/cpb.1999.2.403; Fortin and Dholakia, "Interactivity and Vividness Effects on Social Presence and Involvement with a Web-Based Advertisement."

・Yusuke Kondo et al., "Association between Feeling upon Awakening and Use of Information Technology Devices in Japanese Children," Journal of Epidemiology / Japan Epidemiological Association 22, no. 1 (2012): 12-20.

・Markus Dworak et al., "Impact of Singular Excessive Computer Game and Television Exposure on Sleep Patterns and Memory Performance of School-Aged Children," Pediatrics 120, no. 5 (November 2007): 978-85, doi:10.1542/peds.2007-0476.

・Michael Gradisar et al., "The Sleep and Technology Use of Americans: Findings from the National Sleep Foundation's 2011 Sleep in America Poll," Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine: JCSM: Official Publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine 9, no. 12 (2013): 1291-99, doi:10.5664/jcsm.3272.

・Chuan-Bo Weng et al., "Gray Matter and White Matter Abnormalities in Online Game Addiction," European Journal of Radiology 82, no. 8 (August 2013): 1308-12, doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2013.01.031.

・Council on Communications and Media, "Children, Adolescents, and the Media," Pediatrics (October 28, 2013), doi:10.1542/peds.2013-2656.

・Stephen Heyman, "Reading Literature on Screen: A Price for Convenience?" New York Times, August 13, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/14/arts/reading-literature-on-screen-a-price-for-convenience.html?_r=0; Anne Mangen, Bente R. Walgermo, and Kolbjørn Brønnick, "Reading Linear Texts on Paper versus Computer Screen: Effects on Reading Comprehension," International Journal of Educational Research 58 (January 2013): 61-68, doi:10.1016/j.ijer.2012.12.002.

・Angeline S. Lillard and Jennifer Peterson, "The Immediate Impact of Different Types of Television on Young Children's Executive Function," Pediatrics 128, no. 4 (October 2011): 644-49, doi:10.1542/peds.2010-1919.

・Martin Blank and Reba Goodman, "Electromagnetic Fields Stress Living Cells," Pathophysiology: The Official Journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology / ISP 16, no. 2-3 (August 2009): 71-78, doi:10.1016/j.pathophys.2009.01.006.Tamir S. Aldad et al., "Fetal Radiofrequency Radiation Exposure From 800-1900Mhz-Rated Cellular Telephones Affects Neurodevelopment and Behavior in Mice," Scientific Reports 2 (March 15, 2012), doi:10.1038/srep00312; Martha R. Herbert and Cindy Sage, "Autism and EMF? Plausibility of a Pathophysiological Link -- Part I," Pathophysiology: The Official Journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology / ISP 20, no. 3 (June 2013): 191-209, doi:10.

・"Media and Children," American Academy of Pediatrics, accessed July 20, 2014, http://www.aap.org/en-us/advocacy-and-policy/aap-health-initiatives/Pages/Media-and-Children.aspx; A. Sigman, "Time for a View on Screen Time," Archives of Disease in Childhood 97, no. 11 (October 8, 2012): 935-42, doi:10.1136/archdischild-2012-302196.

・Douglas A. Gentile et al., "Well-Child Visits in the Video Age: Pediatricians and the American Academy of Pediatrics' Guidelines for Children's Media Use," Pediatrics 114, no. 5 (November 2004): 1235-41, doi:10.1542/peds.2003-1121-L.

・Colleen Cordes and Edward Miller, "Fool's Gold: A Critical Look at Computers in Childhood" (2000), 28-39; Tara Ehrcke, "21st Century Learning Inc.," Our Schools/Our Selves (Winter 2013), accessed October 30, 2014, http://www.nl1630.policyalternatives.ca/sites/default/files/uploads/publications/National%20Office/2013/02/osos110_21stCenturyLearning_0.pdf.

第2章　子どもの脳ほど「ハッキング」される

・Jun Kohyama, "A Newly Proposed Disease Condition Produced by Light Exposure during Night: Asynchronization," Brain and Development 31, no. 4 (April 2009): 255-73, doi:10.1016/j.braindev.2008.07.006.

・Cris Rowan, "Unplug -- Don't Drug: A Critical Look at the Influence of Technology on Child Behavior with an Alternative Way of Responding Other than Evaluation and Drugging," Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry 12, no. 1(April 1, 2010): 60-68, doi:10.1891/1559-4343.12.1.60.

・N. Kozeis, "Impact of Computer Use on Children's Vision," Hippokratia 13, no. 4(October 2009): 230-31.

・Eva Chamorro et al., "Effects of Light-Emitting Diode Radiations on Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells in Vitro," Photochemistry and Photobiology 89, no. 2 (April 2013): 468-73, doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.2012.01237.x; Toshio Narimatsu et al., "Disruption of Cell-Cell Junctions and Induction of Pathological Cytokines in the Retinal Pigment Epithelium of Light-Exposed Mice," Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 54, no. 7 (July 2013): 4555-62, doi:10.1167/iovs.12-11572.

・B. Gopinath et al., "Influence of Physical Activity and Screen Time on the Retinal Microvasculature in Young Children," Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 31, no. 5 (April 20, 2011): 1233-39, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.110.219451.

・Emmanuel Stamatakis, Mark Hamer, and David W. Dunstan, "Screen-Based Entertainment Time, All-Cause Mortality, and Cardiovascular Events: Population-Based Study with Ongoing Mortality and Hospital Events Follow-Up," Journal of the American College of Cardiology 57, no. 3 (January 18, 2011): 292-99, doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2010.05.065; A. E. Mark and I. Janssen, "Relationship Between Screen Time and Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescents," Journal of Public Health30, no. 2 (April 2, 2008): 153-60, doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdn022; Valerie Carson and Ian Janssen, "Neighborhood Disorder and Screen Time among 10-16 Year Old Canadian Youth: A Cross-Sectional Study," The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 9 (2012): 66, doi:10.1186/1479-5868-9-66; B. Gopinath et al., "Influence of Physical Activity and Screen Time on the Retinal Microvasculature in Young Children," Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 31, no. 5 (April 20, 2011): 1233-39, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.110.219451; B. Gopinath et al., "Relationship between a Range of Sedentary Behaviours and Blood Pressure during Early Adolescence," Journal of Human Hypertension 26, no. 6 (June 2012): 350-56, doi:10.1038/jhh.2011.40.

・Mark and Janssen, "Relationship Between Screen Time and Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescents."

・Rowan, "Unplug -- Don't Drug."

・James D. Ivory and Sriram Kalyanaraman, "The Effects of Technological Advancement and Violent Content in Video Games on Players' Feelings of Presence, Involvement, Physiological Arousal, and Aggression," Journal of Communication 57, no. 3 (September 2007): 532-55, doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2007.00356.x; B. H. Detenbur, R. F. Simons, and G. G. Bennett Jr., "The Effects of Picture Motionon Emotional Responses.," Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, no. 42(1998): 113-27; Robert F. Simons et al., "Emotion Processing in Three Systems: The Medium and the Message," Psychophysiology 36, no. 5 (1999): 619-27; Kohyama, "A Newly Proposed Disease Condition Produced by Light Exposure during Night: Asynchronization."

・Jessica Solodar, "Commentary: ILAE Definition of Epilepsy," Epilepsia 55, no. 4 (2014): 491, doi:10.1111/epi.12594; Center for Neurosciences, "Headache/Migraine," accessed July 5, 2014, http://www.neurotucson.com/medical-specialties/pediatric-neurology/headache-migraine/; American Nutrition Association, "Tics and Tourette's -- Tracing the True Triggers," accessed November 4, 2013, http://americannutritionassociation.org/newsletter/tics-tourettes-tracing-true-triggers.

・CNN World News, "Cartoon-Based Illness Mystifies Japan," December 17, 1997, http://www.cnn.com/world/9712/17/japan.cartoon/.12 Angelica B. Ortiz de Gortari and Mark D. Griffiths, "Altered Visual Perception in Game Transfer Phenomena: An Empirical Self-Report Study," International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction 30, no. 2 (September 25, 2013): 95-105, doi:10.1080/10447318.2013.839900.

・Cris Rowan, "The Impact of Technology on Child Sensory and Motor Development," 2010, http://www.sensoryprocessinginfo/CrisRowan.pdf.

・John Hopson, "Behavioral Game Design," Gamasutra, April 27, 2001, http://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/3085/behavioral_game_design.php?page=1.

・Ivory and Kalyanaraman, "The Effects of Technological Advancement and Violent Content in Video Games on Players' Feelings"; D. A. Gentile and W. Stone, "Violent Video Game Effects on Children and Adolescents: A Review of the Literature," Minerva Pediatrica 57, no. 6 (December 2005): 337-58; Aric Sigman, "Visual Voodoo: The Biological Impact of Watching TV," Biologist 54, no. 1 (2007): 12-17.

・Brian D. Ng and Peter Wiemer-Hastings, "Addiction to the Internet and Online Gaming," Cyberpsychology & Behavior: The Impact of the Internet, Multimedia and Virtual Reality on Behavior and Society 8, no. 2 (April 2005): 110-13, doi:10.1089/cpb.2005.8.110.

・Shang Hwa Hsu, Ming-Hui Wen, and Muh-Cherng Wu, "Exploring User Experiences as Predictors of MMORPG Addiction," Computers & Education 53, no. 3(November 2009): 990-99, doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2009.05.016.

・Mark Ward, "Why Minecraft Is More than Just Another Video Game," BBC News, September 6, 2013, http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-23572742.

・Mary Lee Barron, "Light Exposure, Melatonin Secretion, and Menstrual Cycle Parameters: An Integrative Review," Biological Research for Nursing 9, no. 1 (July 2007): 49-69, doi:10.1177/1099800407303337; E. Kasuya et al., "Light Exposure during Night Suppresses Nocturnal Increase in Growth Hormone Secretion in Holstein Steers," Journal of Animal Science 86, no. 8 (August 2008): 1799-1807, doi:10.2527/jas.2008-0877.

・Shigekazu Higuchi et al., "Effects of Vdt Tasks with a Bright Display at Night on Melatonin, Core Temperature, Heart Rate, and Sleepiness," Journal of Applied Physiology 94, no. 5 (May 2003): 1773-76, doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00616.2002; Kohyama, "A Newly Proposed Disease Condition Produced by Light Exposure during Night: Asynchronization."

・R. Luboshitzky and P. Lavie, "Melatonin and Sex Hormone Interrelationships -- a Review," Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism 12, no. 3 (June 1999): 355-62; Daniel A. Rossignol and Richard E. Frye, "Melatonin in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 53, no. 9 (September 2011): 783-92, doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.2011.03980.x; L. Wetterberg et al., "Age, Alcoholism and Depression Are Associated with Low Levels of Urinary Melatonin," Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience 17, no. 5 (November 1992): 215-24.

・Kasuya et al., "Light Exposure during Night Suppresses Nocturnal Increase in Growth Hormone Secretion in Holstein Steers."

・Harvard Health Publications, "Blue Light Has a Dark Side," May 2012, http://www.health.harvard.edu/newsletters/Harvard_Health_Letter/2012/May/blue-light-has-a-dark-side?utm_source=health&utm_medium=pressrelease&utm_campaign=health0512.

・Suchinda Jarupat et al., "Effects of the 1900MHz Electromagnetic Field Emitted from Cellular Phone on Nocturnal Melatonin Secretion," Journal of Physiological Anthropology and Applied Human Science 22, no. 1 (2003): 61-63.

・Mary A. Carskadon, "Sleep's Effects on Cognition and Learning in Adolescence," Progress in Brain Research 190 (2011): 137-43, doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-53817-8.00008-6.

・Catharine Paddock, "Bedtime Texting, Internet Use, Disturbs Sleep and Mood in Teens," Medical News Today, November 3, 2010, http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/206546.php.

・Norihito Oshima et al., "The Suicidal Feelings, Self-Injury, and Mobile Phone Use After Lights Out in Adolescents," Journal of Pediatric Psychology 37, no. 9 (October 1, 2012): 1023-30, doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jss072; Yuan-Sheng Yang et al., "The Association between Problematic Cellular Phone Use and Risky Behaviors and Low Self-Esteem among Taiwanese Adolescents," BMC Public Health 10 (2010): 217, doi:10.1186/1471-2458-10-217; Paddock, "Bedtime Texting, Internet Use, Disturbs Sleep and Mood in Teens."

・Jun Kohyama, "Neurochemical and Neuropharmacological Aspects of Circadian Disruptions: An Introduction to Asynchronization," Current Neuropharmacology 9, no. 2 (2011): 330.

・Jan Van den Bulck, "Adolescent Use of Mobile Phones for Calling and for Sending Text Messages after Lights Out: Results from a Prospective Cohort Study with a One-Year Follow-Up," Sleep 30, no. 9 (September 2007): 1220-23.

・Yueji Sun et al., "Brain fMRI Study of Crave Induced by Cue Pictures in Online Game Addicts (Male Adolescents)," Behavioural Brain Research 233, no. 2 (August 1, 2012): 563-76, doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2012.05.005; Doug Hyun Han et al., "Brain Activity and Desire for Internet Video Game Play," Comprehensive Psychiatry 52, no. 1 (January 2011): 88-95, doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2010.04.004.

・Doug Hyun Han et al., "Changes in Cue-Induced, Prefrontal Cortex Activity with Video-Game Play," Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking 13, no. 6(December 2010): 655-61, doi:10.1089/cyber.2009.0327.

・Yan Zhou et al., "Gray Matter Abnormalities in Internet Addiction: A VoxelBased Morphometry Study," European Journal of Radiology 79, no. 1 (July 2011): 92-95, doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2009.10.025; Chuan-Bo Weng et al., "Gray Matter and White Matter Abnormalities in Online Game Addiction," European Journal of Radiology 82, no. 8 (August 2013): 1308-12, doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2013.01.031; Chuan-Bo Weng et al., "[A voxel-based morphometric analysis of brain gray matter in online game addicts]," Zhonghua yi xue za zhi 92, no. 45 (December 4, 2012): 3221-23; Kai Yuan et al., "Microstructure Abnormalities in Adolescents with Internet Addiction Disorder," ed. Shaolin Yang, PLoS ONE 6, no. 6 (June 3, 2011): e20708, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0020708; Soon-Beom Hong et al., "Reduced Orbitofrontal Cortical Thickness in Male Adolescents with Internet Addiction," Behavioral and Brain Functions 9, no. 1 (2013): 11, doi:10.1186/1744-9081-9-11; Kai Yuan et al., "Cortical Thickness Abnormalities in Late Adolescence with Online Gaming Addiction," ed. Bogdan Draganski, PLoS ONE 8, no. 1 (January 9, 2013): e53055, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0053055.

・M. J. Koepp et al., "Evidence for Striatal Dopamine Release during a Video Game," Nature 393, no. 6682 (May 21, 1998): 266-68, doi:10.1038/30498.

・George Koob and Mary Jeanne Kreek, "Stress, Dysregulation of Drug Reward Pathways, and the Transition to Drug Dependence," American Journal of Psychiatry 164, no. 8 (August 1, 2007): 1149, doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.05030503.

・Joseph Hilgard, Christopher R. Engelhardt, and Bruce D. Bartholow, "Individual Differences in Motives, Preferences, and Pathology in Video Games: The Gaming Attitudes, Motives, and Experiences Scales (GAMES)," Frontiers in Psychology 4(2013): 608, doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00608.

・Geoffrey L. Ream, Luther C. Elliott, and Eloise Dunlap, "Playing Video Games While Using or Feeling the Effects of Substances: Associations with Substance Use Problems," International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 8, no. 12 (October 18, 2011): 3979-98, doi:10.3390/ijerph8103979.

・Detenbur, Simons, and Bennett, "The Effects of Picture Motion on Emotional Responses"; Sigman, "Visual Voodoo."

・Byron Reeves et al., "The Effects of Screen Size and Message Content on Attention and Arousal," Media Psychology 1, no. 1 (March 1, 1999): 49-67, doi:10.1207/s1532785xmep0101_4.

・S. Shyam Sundar and Carson B. Wagner, "The World Wide Wait: Exploring Physiological and Behavioral Effects of Download Speed," Media Psychology 4, no. 2 (May 1, 2002): 173-206, doi:10.1207/S1532785XMEP0402_04; Detenbur, Simons, and Bennett, "The Effects of Picture Motion on Emotional Responses."

・Ivory and Kalyanaraman, "The Effects of Technological Advancement and Violent Content in Video Games on Players' Feelings."

・Gloria Mark, Yiran Wang, and Melissa Niiya, "Stress and Multitasking in Everyday College Life: An Empirical Study of Online Activity," CHI '14: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (ACM Press, 2014): 41-50, doi:10.1145/2556288.2557361; Mark W. Becker, Reem Alzahabi, and Christopher J. Hopwood, "Media Multitasking Is Associated with Symptoms of Depression and Social Anxiety," Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking 16, no. 2 (February 2013): 132-35, doi:10.1089/cyber.2012.0291; Stuart Wolpert, "Russell Poldrack: Multi-Tasking Adversely Affects the Brain's Learning Systems," UCLA Department of Psychology, July 25, 2006, http://www.psych.ucla.edu/news/russell-poldrack-multi-tasking-adversely-affects-the-brains-learning-systems.

・Marjut Wallenius, "Salivary Cortisol in Relation to the Use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in School-Aged Children," Psychology 01, no. 02 (2010): 88-95, doi:10.4236/psych.2010.12012; T. A. Bedrosian et al., "Light at Night Alters Daily Patterns of Cortisol and Clock Proteins in Female Siberian Hamsters," Journal of Neuroendocrinology 25, no. 6 (June 2013): 590-96, doi:10.1111/jne.12036.

・Panagiota Pervanidou and George P. Chrousos, "Stress and Obesity/Metabolic Syndrome in Childhood and Adolescence," International Journal of Pediatric Obesity: IJPO: An Official Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity 6, Suppl 1 (September 2011): 21-28, doi:10.3109/17477166.2011.615996.

・Pablo A. Nepomnaschy et al., "Stress and Female Reproductive Function: A Study of Daily Variations in Cortisol, Gonadotrophins, and Gonadal Steroids in a Rural Mayan Population," American Journal of Human Biology: The Official Journal of the Human Biology Council 16, no. 5 (October 2004): 523-32, doi:10.1002/ajhb.20057; Andrea C. Gore, Barbara Attardi, and Donald B. DeFranco, "Glucocorticoid Repression of the Reproductive Axis: Effects on GnRH and Gonadotropin Subunit mRNA Levels," Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 256, no. 1-2 (August 15, 2006): 40-48, doi:10.1016/j.mce.2006.06.002; Panagiota Pervanidou and George P. Chrousos, "Metabolic Consequences of Stress during Childhood and Adolescence," Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental 61, no. 5 (May 2012): 611-19, doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2011.10.005.

・Narimatsu et al., "Disruption of Cell-Cell Junctions and Induction of Pathological Cytokines in the Retinal Pigment Epithelium of Light-Exposed Mice."

・Paddock, "Bedtime Texting, Internet Use, Disturbs Sleep and Mood in Teens"; P. M. Maras et al., "Preferential Loss of Dorsal-Hippocampus Synapses Underlies Memory Impairments Provoked by Short, Multimodal Stress," Molecular Psychiatry 19, no. 7 (July 2014): 811-22.

・Pei-Luen Patrick Rau, Shu-Yun Peng, and Chin-Chow Yang, "Time Distortion for Expert and Novice Online Game Players," Cyberpsychology & Behavior: The Impact of the Internet, Multimedia and Virtual Reality on Behavior and Society 9, no. 4 (August 2006): 396-403, doi:10.1089/cpb.2006.9.396.

・R. Kraut et al., "Internet Paradox. A Social Technology That Reduces Social Involvement and Psychological Well-Being?" The American Psychologist 53, no. 9(September 1998): 1017-31.

第3章　脳を「制御不能」にするデジタルの刺激

・E. F. Schumacher, Small Is Beautiful: Economics as If People Mattered (New York: Harper Perennial, 2010).

・A. R. Pachner, "Borrelia Burgdorferi in the Nervous System: The New 'Great Imitator,' " Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 539 (1988): 56-64.

・Haifeng Hou et al., "Reduced Striatal Dopamine Transporters in People with Internet Addiction Disorder," Journal of Biomedicine & Biotechnology (2012): 854524, doi:10.1155/2012/854524; Sang Hee Kim et al., "Reduced Striatal Dopamine D2Receptors in People with Internet Addiction," Neuroreport 22, no. 8 (June 11, 2011): 407-11, doi:10.1097/WNR.0b013e328346e16e.

・Erick Messias et al., "Sadness, Suicide, and Their Association with Video Game and Internet Overuse Among Teens: Results from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey 2007 and 2009," Suicide & Life-Threatening Behavior 41, no. 3 (June 2011): 307-15, doi:10.1111/j.1943-278X.2011.00030.x; Yotaro Katsumata et al., "Electronic Media Use and Suicidal Ideation in Japanese Adolescents," Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 62, no. 6 (December 2008): 744-46, doi:10.1111/j.1440-1819.2008.01880.x; Catriona M. Morrison and Helen Gore, "The Relationship Between Excessive Internet Use and Depression: A Questionnaire-Based Study of 1,319 Young People and Adults," Psychopathology 43, no. 2 (2010): 121-26, doi:10.1159/000277001.

・Rosalina Richards et al., "Adolescent Screen Time and Attachment to Parents and Peers," Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 164, no. 3 (March 2010): 258-62, doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2009.280; Adriano Schimmenti et al., "Attachment Disorganization and Dissociation in Virtual Worlds: A Study on Problematic Internet Use among Players of Online Role Playing Games," Clinical Neuropsychiatry 9, no. 5 (2012): 195-202; R. Kraut et al., "Internet Paradox. A Social Technology that Reduces Social Involvement and Psychological Well-Being?" The American Psychologist 53, no. 9 (September 1998): 1017-31.

・Ethan Kross et al., "Facebook Use Predicts Declines in Subjective Well-Being in Young Adults," ed. Cédric Sueur, PLoS ONE 8, no. 8 (August 14, 2013): e69841, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0069841; Hui-Tzu Grace Chou and Nicholas Edge, "'They Are Happier and Having Better Lives than I Am': The Impact of Using Facebook on Perceptions of Others' Lives," Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking 15, no. 2 (February 2012): 117-21, doi:10.1089/cyber.2011.0324.

・Victoria Dunckley, "The Link Between Light-at-Night, Depression & Suicidality," Psychology Today, "Mental Wealth" (March 30, 2014), http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/mental-wealth/201403/the-link-between-light-night-depression-suicidality; Norihito Oshima et al., "The Suicidal Feelings, Self-Injury, and Mobile Phone Use After Lights Out in Adolescents," Journal of Pediatric Psychology 37, no. 9 (October 1, 2012): 1023-30, doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jss072; Katsumata et al., "Electronic Media Use and Suicidal Ideation in Japanese Adolescents."

・Mark W. Becker, Reem Alzahabi, and Christopher J. Hopwood, "Media Multitasking Is Associated with Symptoms of Depression and Social Anxiety," Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking 16, no. 2 (February 2013): 132-35, doi:10.1089/cyber.2012.0291; J. Lee, K. Lee, and T. Choi, "The Effects of Smartphone and Internet/Computer Addiction on Adolescent Psychopathology" (poster presented at the 166th Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association, San Francisco, CA, 2013; NR6-41).

・Rune Aune Mentzoni et al., "Problematic Video Game Use: Estimated Prevalence and Associations with Mental and Physical Health," Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking 14, no. 10 (October 2011): 591-96, doi:10.1089/cyber.2010.0260; Messias et al., "Sadness, Suicide, and Their Association with Video Game and Internet Overuse among Teens"; Rani A. Desai et al., "Video-Gaming Among High School Students: Health Correlates, Gender Differences, and Problematic Gaming," Pediatrics 126, no. 6 (December 1, 2010): e1414-e1424, doi:10.1542/peds.2009-2706.

・D. A. Gentile et al., "Pathological Video Game Use Among Youths: A TwoYear Longitudinal Study," Pediatrics, 127, no. 2 (January 17, 2011): e319-e329, doi:10.1542/peds.2010-1353.

・Ibid.

・Jun Kohyama, "Neurochemical and Neuropharmacological Aspects of Circadian Disruptions: An Introduction to Asynchronization," Current Neuropharmacology 9, no. 2 (2011): 330.

・Victoria Dunckley, "Misdiagnosed? Bipolar Disorder Is All the Rage!," Psychology Today, "Mental Wealth" (June 7, 2011), http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/mental-wealth/201106/misdiagnosed-bipolar-disorder-is-all-the-rage.

・Christina J. Calamaro, Thornton B. A. Mason, and Sarah J. Ratcliffe, "Adolescents Living the 24/7 Lifestyle: Effects of Caffeine and Technology on Sleep Duration and Daytime Functioning," Pediatrics 123, no. 6 (June 1, 2009): e1005-e1010, doi:10.1542/peds.2008-3641; Paddock, "Bedtime Texting, Internet Use, Disturbs Sleep and Mood in Teens"; Peter G. Polos et al., "The Effect of Sleep Time Related Information and Communication Technology (STRICT) on Sleep Patterns and Daytime Functioning in Children and Young Adults: A Pilot Study," CHEST Journal 138, no. 4 (October 1, 2010): 911A, doi:10.1378/chest.9771.

・Douglas A. Gentile et al., "Video Game Playing, Attention Problems, and Impulsiveness: Evidence of Bidirectional Causality," Psychology of Popular Media Culture1, no. 1 (2012): 62-70, doi:10.1037/a0026969.

・Doug Hyun Han et al., "The Effect of Methylphenidate on Internet Video Game Play in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder," Comprehensive Psychiatry 50, no. 3 (June 2009): 251-56, doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2008.08.011; Doug Hyun Han, Jun Won Hwang, and Perry F. Renshaw, "Bupropion Sustained Release Treatment Decreases Craving for Video Games and Cue-Induced Brain Activity in Patients with Internet Video Game Addiction," Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology 18, no. 4 (August 2010): 297-304, doi:10.1037/a0020023.

・C. Shawn Green and Daphne Bavelier, "Action Video Game Modifies Visual Selective Attention," Nature 423, no. 6939 (May 29, 2003): 534-37.

・Kathleen Beullens, Keith Roe, and Jan Van den Bulck, "Excellent Gamer, Excellent Driver? The Impact of Adolescents' Video Game Playing on Driving Behavior: A Two-Wave Panel Study," Accident; Analysis and Prevention 43, no. 1 (January 2011): 58-65, doi:10.1016/j.aap.2010.07.011.

・D. A. Christakis et al., "Early Television Exposure and Subsequent Attentional Problems in Children," Pediatrics 113, no. 4 (2004): 708-13; C. E. Landhuis et al., "Does Childhood Television Viewing Lead to Attention Problems in Adolescence? Results From a Prospective Longitudinal Study," Pediatrics 120, no. 3(August 31, 2007): 532-37, doi:10.1542/peds.2007-0978; Ignacio David AcevedoPolakovich et al., "Disentangling the Relation Between Television Viewing and Cognitive Processes in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Comparison Children," Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 160, no. 4 (April 1, 2006): 354, doi:10.1001/archpedi.160.4.354; Jeffrey G. Johnson et al., "Extensive Television Viewing and the Development of Attention and Learning Difficulties during Adolescence," Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 161, no. 5 (May 2007): 480-86, doi:10.1001/archpedi.161.5.480.

・Stéphanie Bioulac, Lisa Arfi, and Manuel P. Bouvard, "Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Video Games: A Comparative Study of Hyperactive and Control Children," European Psychiatry: The Journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists 23, no. 2 (March 2008): 134-41, doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2007.11.002; Philip Chan and Terry Rabinowitz, "A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Video Games and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in Adolescents," Annals of General Psychiatry 5, no. 1 (2006): 16; Edward L. Swing et al., "Television and Video Game Exposure and the Development of Attention Problems," Pediatrics126, no. 2 (August 2010): 214-21, doi:10.1542/peds.2009-1508; Ju-Yu Yen et al., "The Comorbid Psychiatric Symptoms of Internet Addiction: Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Depression, Social Phobia, and Hostility," The Journal of Adolescent Health: Official Publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine 41, no. 1 (July 2007): 93-98, doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.02.002; H. J. Yoo et al., "Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Symptoms and Internet Addiction," Psychiatry and Cliical Neuroscience 58, no. 5 (2004): 487-94.

・Swing et al., "Television and Video Game Exposure and the Development of Attention Problems."

・Gentile et al., "Video Game Playing, Attention Problems, and Impulsiveness."

・Swing et al., "Television and Video Game Exposure and the Development of Attention Problems."

・Aysegul Yolga Tahiroglu et al., "Short-Term Effects of Playing Computer Games on Attention," Journal of Attention Disorders 13, no. 6 (May 2010): 668-76, doi:10.1177/1087054709347205.

・Peter Fischer et al., "The Racing-Game Effect: Why Do Video Racing Games Increase Risk-Taking Inclinations?," Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 35, no. 10 (October 1, 2009): 1395-1409, doi:10.1177/0146167209339628.

・Christian Cajochen et al., "Evening Exposure to a Light-Emitting Diodes (led)-Backlit Computer Screen Affects Circadian Physiology and Cognitive Performance," Journal of Applied Physiology 110, no. 5 (May 2011): 1432-38, doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00165.2011; Calamaro, Mason, and Ratcliffe, "Adolescents Living the 24/7 Lifestyle: Effects of Caffeine and Technology on Sleep Duration and Daytime Functioning"; Seog Ju Kim et al., "Relationship between Weekend Catch-up Sleep and Poor Performance on Attention Tasks in Korean Adolescents," Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 165, no. 9 (September 2011): 806-12, doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2011.128; Polos et al., "The Effect of Sleep Time Related Information and Communication Technology (STRICT) on Sleep Patterns and Daytime Functioning in Children and Young Adults."

・Stuart Wolpert, "Russell Poldrack: Multi-Tasking Adversely Affects the Brain's Learning Systems," UCLA Department of Psychology, July 25, 2006, http://www.psych.ucla.edu/news/russell-poldrack-multi-tasking-adversely-affects-the-brains-learning-systems; David Meyer, Multitasking and Task Switching (Brain, Cognition and Action Laboratory: University of Michigan, 2006), http://www.umich.edu/~bcalab/multitasking.html.

・Larry D. Rosen, L. Mark Carrier, and Nancy A. Cheever, "Facebook and Texting Made Me Do It: Media-Induced Task-Switching While Studying," Computers in Human Behavior 29, no. 3 (May 2013): 948-58, doi:10.1016/j.chb.2012.12.001.

・Robert Weis and Brittany C. Cerankosky, "Effects of Video-Game Ownership on Young Boys' Academic and Behavioral Functioning: A Randomized,Controlled Study," Psychological Science 21, no. 4 (April 2010): 463-70, doi:10.1177/0956797610362670.

・Jacob Vigdor and Helen Ladd, Scaling the Digital Divide: Home Computer Technology and Student Achievement, National Center for Analysis of Longitudinal Data in Education Reseach (CALDER, The Urban Institute, June 2010), http://www.caldercenter.org/publications/scaling-digital-divide-home-computer-technology-and-student-achievement.

・Ofer Malamud and Cristian Pop-Eleches, Home Computer Use and the Development of Human Capital (National Bureau of Economic Research, 2010), http://www.nber.org/papers/w15814.

・Leonard Sax, Boys Adrift: The Five Factors Driving the Growing Epidemic of Unmotivated Boys and Underachieving Young Men (New York: Basic Books, 2009).

・Nicholas Carr, "Is Google Making Us Stupid?" The Atlantic, July/August 2008, accessed July 18, 2014, http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2008/07/is-google-making-us-stupid/306868/.

・Salvatore Mannuzza et al., "Significance of Childhood Conduct Problems to Later Development of Conduct Disorder among Children with ADHD: A Prospective Follow-up Study," Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 32, no. 5 (October 2004): 565-73.

・Stephen Kaplan and Janet Frey Talbot, "Psychological Benefits of a Wilderness Experience," in Behavior and the Natural Environment, ed. Irwin Altman and Joachim F. Wohlwill (New York: Springer, 1983), 163-203, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3539-9_6.

・Frances E. Kuo and William C. Sullivan, "Aggression and Violence in the Inner City: Effects of Environment via Mental Fatigue," Environment and Behavior 33, no. 4 (July 1, 2001): 543-71, doi:10.1177/00139160121973124; Andrea Faber Taylor, Frances E. Kuo, and William C. Sullivan, "Coping with ADD: The Surprising Connection to Green Play Settings," Environment and Behavior 33, no. 1 (2001): 54-77; Andrea Faber Taylor and Frances E. Kuo, "Children With Attention Deficits Concentrate Better After Walk in the Park," Journal of Attention Disorders 12, no. 5 (March 1, 2009): 402-9, doi:10.1177/1087054708323000; Nancy M. Wells, "At Home with Nature: Effects of 'Greenness' on Children's Cognitive Functioning," Environment and Behavior 32, no. 6 (November 1, 2000): 775-95, doi:10.1177/00139160021972793.

・Victoria Dunckley, "Computer, Video Games & Psychosis: Cause for Concern," Psychology Today, "Mental Wealth" (June 30, 2012), http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/mental-wealth/201206/computer-video-games-psychosis-cause-concern.

・Sean A. Spence, "Nintendo Hallucinations: A New Phenomenological Entity," Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 10, no. 2, (June 1993): 98-99; R. Forsyth, R. Harland, and T. Edwards, "Computer Game Delusions," Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 94, no. 4 (April 2001): 184-85; Konstantinos S. Bonotis, "Manifestations of Psychotic Symptomatology during Excessive Internet Use," Psychologyand Behavioral Sciences 2, no. 2 (2013): 28, doi:10.11648/j.pbs.20130202.12; Uri Nitzan et al., "Internet-Related Psychosis -- A Sign of the Times," The Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences 48, no. 3 (2011): 207-11.

・Angelica B. Ortiz de Gortari and Mark D. Griffiths, "Altered Visual Perception in Game Transfer Phenomena: An Empirical Self-Report Study," International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction 30, no. 2 (September 25, 2013): 95-105, doi:10.1080/10447318.2013.839900.

・Margaret D. Weiss et al., "The Screens Culture: Impact on ADHD," ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders 3, no. 4 (September 24, 2011): 327-34, doi:10.1007/s12402-011-0065-z.

・Marny R. Hauge and Douglas A. Gentile, "Video Game Addiction among Adolescents: Associations with Academic Performance and Aggression," Society for Research in Child Development Conference, 2003.

・Michael A. Irvine et al., "Impaired Decisional Impulsivity in Pathological Videogamers," ed. Leonardo Fontenelle, PLoS ONE 8, no. 10 (October 16, 2013): e75914, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0075914; Yen et al., "The Comorbid Psychiatric Symptoms of Internet Addiction."

・Gentile et al., "Video Game Playing, Attention Problems, and Impulsiveness."

・Craig A. Anderson et al., "Violent Video Game Effects on Aggression, Empathy, and Prosocial Behavior in Eastern and Western Countries: A Meta-Analytic Review," Psychological Bulletin 136, no. 2 (2010): 151-73, doi:10.1037/a0018251.

・Lee, Lee, and Choi, "The Effects of Smartphone and Internet/Computer Addiction on Adolescent Psychopathology"; Valerie Carson, William Pickett, and Ian Janssen, "Screen Time and Risk Behaviors in 10- to 16-Year-Old Canadian Youth," Preventive Medicine 52, no. 2 (February 2011): 99-103, doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2010.07.005.

・Cheng-Fang Yen, Bryan H. King, and Tze-Chun Tang, "The Association between Short and Long Nocturnal Sleep Durations and Risky Behaviours and the Moderating Factors in Taiwanese Adolescents," Psychiatry Research 179, no. 1 (August 30, 2010): 69-74, doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2009.02.016.

・Christopher P. Barlett, Richard J. Harris, and Ross Baldassaro, "Longer You Play, the More Hostile You Feel: Examination of First Person Shooter Video Games and Aggression during Video Game Play," Aggressive Behavior 33, no. 6 (December 2007): 486-97, doi:10.1002/ab.20227.

・David R. Ewoldsen et al., "Effect of Playing Violent Video Games Cooperatively or Competitively on Subsequent Cooperative Behavior," Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking 15, no. 5 (May 2012): 277-80, doi:10.1089/cyber.2011.0308; Mike Schmierbach, "'Killing Spree': Exploring the Connection Between Competitive Game Play and Aggressive Cognition," Communication Research 37, no. 2 (April 1, 2010): 256-74, doi:10.1177/0093650209356394; Brad E. Sheese and William G. Graziano, "Deciding to Defect: The Effects of VideoGame Violence on Cooperative Behavior," Psychological Science 16, no. 5 (May 2005): 354-57, doi:10.1111/j.0956-7976.2005.01539.x; Tobias Greitemeyer, "Effectsof Prosocial Media on Social Behavior: When and Why Does Media Exposure Affect Helping and Aggression?," Current Directions in Psychological Science 20, no. 4 (August 1, 2011): 251-55, doi:10.1177/0963721411415229.

・Schmierbach, "'Killing Spree': Exploring the Connection Between Competitive Game Play and Aggressive Cognition."

・Council on Communications and Media, "Media Violence," Pediatrics 124, no. 5(November 1, 2009): 1495-1503, doi:10.1542/peds.2009-2146.

・L. Rowell Huesmann et al., "Longitudinal Relations between Children's Exposure to TV Violence and Their Aggressive and Violent Behavior in Young Adulthood: 1977-1992," Developmental Psychology 39, no. 2 (March 2003): 201-21; Daniel R. Anderson, "A Neuroscience of Children and Media?," Journal of Children and Media 1, no. 1 (February 1, 2007): 77-85, doi:10.1080/ 17482790601005215.

・D. A. Gentile and W. Stone, "Violent Video Game Effects on Children and Adolescents: A Review of the Literature," Minerva Pediatrica 57, no. 6 (December 2005): 337-58.

・Anderson et al., "Violent Video Game Effects on Aggression, Empathy, and Prosocial Behavior in Eastern and Western Countries"; Bruce D. Bartholow, Marc A. Sestir, and Edward B. Davis, "Correlates and Consequences of Exposure to Video Game Violence: Hostile Personality, Empathy, and Aggressive Behavior," Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 31, no. 11 (November 1, 2005): 1573-86, doi:10.1177/0146167205277205; Douglas A. Gentile and Craig A. Anderson, "Violent Video Games: Effects on Youth and Public Policy Implications," in Handbook of Children, Culture, and Violence, eds. Nancy E. Dowd, Dorothy G. Singer, Robin F. Wilson (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2006), 225-46.

・Christopher R. Engelhardt et al., "This Is Your Brain on Violent Video Games: Neural Desensitization to Violence Predicts Increased Aggression Following Violent Video Game Exposure," Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 47, no. 5(September 2011): 1033-36, doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2011.03.027; Bruce D. Bartholow, Brad J. Bushman, and Marc A. Sestir, "Chronic Violent Video Game Exposure and Desensitization to Violence: Behavioral and Event-Related Brain Potential Data," Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 42, no. 4 (July 2006): 532-39, doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2005.08.006.

・Nicholas L. Carnagey, Craig A. Anderson, and Brad J. Bushman, "The Effect of Video Game Violence on Physiological Desensitization to Real-Life Violence," Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 43, no. 3 (May 2007): 489-96, doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2006.05.003.

・Patrick M. Markey and Charlotte N. Markey, "Vulnerability to Violent Video Games: A Review and Integration of Personality Research," Review of General Psychology 14, no. 2 (2010): 82-91, doi:10.1037/a0019000; Jan Frölich, Gerd Lehmkuhl, and Manfred Döpfner, [Computer games in childhood and adolescence: relations to addictive behavior, ADHD, and aggression], Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie 37, no. 5 (September 2009): 393-402; quiz 403-404, doi:10.1024/1422-4917.37.5.393.

・J. L. Sherry, "The Effects of Violent Video Games on Aggression," Human Communication Research 27, no. 3 (2001): 409-31, doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.2001.tb00787.x; James D. Ivory and Sriram Kalyanaraman, "The Effects of Technological Advancement and Violent Content in Video Games on Players' Feelings of Presence, Involvement, Physiological Arousal, and Aggression," Journal of Communication 57, no. 3 (September 2007): 532-55, doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2007.00356.x; Christopher P. Barlett and Christopher Rodeheffer, "Effects of Realism on Extended Violent and Nonviolent Video Game Play on Aggressive Thoughts, Feelings, and Physiological Arousal," Aggressive Behavior 35, no. 3 (June 2009): 213-24, doi:10.1002/ab.20279.

・Carson, Pickett, and Janssen, "Screen Time and Risk Behaviors in 10- to 16-Year-Old Canadian Youth"; Yuan-Sheng Yang et al., "The Association between Problematic Cellular Phone Use and Risky Behaviors and Low Self-Esteem among Taiwanese Adolescents," BMC Public Health 10 (2010): 217, doi:10.1186/1471-2458-10-217.

・Carson, Pickett, and Janssen, "Screen Time and Risk Behaviors in 10- to 16-Year-Old Canadian Youth."

・Yen, King, and Tang, "The Association between Short and Long Nocturnal Sleep Durations and Risky Behaviours and the Moderating Factors in Taiwanese Adolescents."

・Chih-Hung Ko et al., "Predictive Values of Psychiatric Symptoms for Internet Addiction in Adolescents: A 2-Year Prospective Study," Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 163, no. 10 (October 2009): 937 -43, doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2009.159; Gentile et al., "Pathological Video Game Use Among Youths"; Randy A. Sansone and Lori A. Sansone, "Cell Phones: The Psychosocial Risks," Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience 10, no. 1 (January 2013): 33-37.

・Richards et al., "Adolescent Screen Time and Attachment to Parents and Peers."

・Chuan-bo Weng et al., "[A voxel-based morphometric analysis of brain gray matter in online game addicts]," Zhonghua yi xue za zhi 92, no. 45 (December 4, 2012): 3221-23; Atsunobu Suzuki, "[Emotional functions of the insula]," Brain and Nerve = Shinkei Kenkyo No Shinpo 64, no. 10 (October 2012): 1103-12.

・Sara H. Konrath, Edward H. O'Brien, and Courtney Hsing, "Changes in Dispositional Empathy in American College Students Over Time: A Meta-Analysis," Personality and Social Psychology Review 15, no. 2 (May 1, 2011): 180-98, doi:10.1177/1088868310377395.

・Roy Pea et al., "Media Use, Face-to-Face Communication, Media Multitasking, and Social Well-Being among 8- to 12-Year-Old Girls," Developmental Psychology 48, no. 2 (March 2012): 327-36, doi:10.1037/a0027030.

・Yalda T. Uhls et al., "Five Days at Outdoor Education Camp without Screens Improves Preteen Skills with Nonverbal Emotion Cues," Computers in Human Behavior 39 (October 2014): 387-92, doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.05.036.

・Rideout, Foehr, and Roberts, "Generation M2: Media in the Lives of 8- to 18-Year-Olds."

・Dimitri Christakis, "Internet Addiction: A 21st Century Epidemic?," BMC Medicine 8, no. 1 (2010): 61; Gentile et al., "Pathological Video Game Use Among Youths."

・Ivory and Kalyanaraman, "The Effects of Technological Advancement and Violent Content in Video Games on Players' Feelings of Presence, Involvement, Physiological Arousal, and Aggression."

・Chuan-Bo Weng et al., "Gray Matter and White Matter Abnormalities in Online Game Addiction," European Journal of Radiology 82, no. 8 (August 2013): 1308-12, doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2013.01.031; Kai Yuan et al., "Internet Addiction: Neuroimaging Findings," Communicative & Integrative Biology 4, no. 6 (2011): 637-39.

・Fuchun Lin et al., "Abnormal White Matter Integrity in Adolescents with Internet Addiction Disorder: A Tract-Based Spatial Statistics Study," PloS One 7, no. 1(2012): e30253, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0030253.

・Gentile et al., "Pathological Video Game Use Among Youths."

・Aviv Weinstein and Abraham Weizman, "Emerging Association between Addictive Gaming and Attention-Deficit/hyperactivity Disorder," Current Psychiatry Reports 14, no. 5 (October 2012): 590-97, doi:10.1007/s11920-012-0311-x; Ko et al., "Predictive Values of Psychiatric Symptoms for Internet Addiction in Adolescents."

・Paddock, "Bedtime Texting, Internet Use, Disturbs Sleep and Mood in Teens."

・Lee, Lee, and Choi, "The Effects of Smartphone and Internet/Computer Addiction on Adolescent Psychopathology"; Kiyoko Kamibeppu and Hitomi Sugiura, "Impact of the Mobile Phone on Junior High-School Students' Friendships in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area," Cyberpsychology & Behavior: The Impact of the Internet, Multimedia and Virtual Reality on Behavior and Society 8, no. 2 (April 2005): 121-30, doi:10.1089/cpb.2005.8.121; Norihito Oshima et al., "The Suicidal Feelings, Self-Injury, and Mobile Phone Use After Lights Out in Adolescents," Journal of Pediatric Psychology37, no. 9 (October 1, 2012): 1023-30, doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jss072.

・"The Effect of Drugs on the Adolescent Brain," SAMA Foundation, Science and Management of Addiction, accessed July 19, 2014, http://samafoundation.org/youth-substance-addiction/effects-of-drugs-on-adolescent-brain/.

・Victoria Dunckley, "Case: OCD Precipitated by Wii Video Game," Psychology Today, "Mental Wealth" (September 16, 2012), http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/mental-wealth/201209/case-ocd-precipitated-wii-video-game.

・Michelle M. Garrison, Kimberly Liekweg, and Dimitri A Christakis, "Media Use and Child Sleep: The Impact of Content, Timing, and Environment," Pediatrics128, no. 1 (July 2011): 29-35, doi:10.1542/peds.2010-3304.

・Hjördís Osk Atladóttir et al., "Time Trends in Reported Diagnoses of Childhood Neuropsychiatric Disorders: A Danish Cohort Study," Archives of Pediatrics　& Adolescent Medicine 161, no. 2 (February 2007): 193-98, doi:10.1001/archpedi.161.2.193.

・"Tics and Tourette's -- Tracing the True Triggers," American Nutrition Association, accessed November 4, 2013, http://americannutritionassociation.org/newsletter/tics-tourettes-tracing-true-triggers.

・Christopher Mulligan, "The Toxic Relationship: Technology and Autism," 2012, http://www.teenvideogameaddiction.com/The_toxicrelationshipautismandtechnology.pdf.

・Micah O. Mazurek and Christopher R. Engelhardt, "Video Game Use and Problem Behaviors in Boys with Autism Spectrum Disorders," Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders 7, no. 2 (February 2013): 316-24, doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2012.09.008; Micah O. Mazurek and Colleen Wenstrup, "Television, Video Game and Social Media Use Among Children with ASD and Typically Developing Siblings," Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 43, no. 6 (June 2013): 1258-71, doi:10.1007/s10803-012-1659-9.

・Martha Herbert and Cindy Sage, "Findings in Autism (ASD) Consistent with Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) and Radiofrequency Radiation (RFR)," 2012, http://www.bioinitiative.org/report/wp-content/uploads/pdfs/sec20_2012_Findings_in_Autism.pdf.

・Brenda Nally, Bob Houlton, and Sue Ralph, "Researches in Brief: The Management of Television and Video by Parents of Children with Autism," Autism 4, no. 3 (September 1, 2000): 331-37, doi:10.1177/1362361300004003008.

・Mazurek and Wenstrup, "Television, Video Game and Social Media Use Among Children with ASD and Typically Developing Siblings."
・Micah O. Mazurek and Christopher R. Engelhardt, "Video Game Use in Boys with Autism Spectrum Disorder, ADHD, or Typical Development," Pediatrics 132, no. 2 (August 2013): 260-66, doi:10.1542/peds.2012-3956.

・J. Melke et al., "Abnormal Melatonin Synthesis in Autism Spectrum Disorders," Molecular Psychiatry 13, no. 1 (May 15, 2007): 90-98.

・Scott D. Tomchek and Winnie Dunn, "Sensory Processing in Children with and without Autism: A Comparative Study Using the Short Sensory Profile," American Journal of Occupational Therapy 61, no. 2 (2007): 190-200.

・Michael Waldman, Sean Nicholson, and Nodir Adilov, Does Television Cause Autism? (National Bureau of Economic Research, 2006), http://www.nber.org/papers/w12632.

・Herbert and Sage, "Findings in Autism (ASD) Consistent with Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) and Radiofrequency Radiation (RFR)."

・L. Strathearn, "Maternal Neglect: Oxytocin, Dopamine and the Neurobiology of Attachment," Journal of Neuroendocrinology 23, no. 11 (November 2011): 1054-65, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2011.02228.x.

・Thomas R. Insel, "Is Social Attachment an Addictive Disorder?," Physiology & Behavior 79, no. 3 (August 2003): 351-57, doi:10.1016/S0031-9384(03)00148-3.

・Rowan, "Unplug -- Don't Drug."

・"Cartoon-Based Illness Mystifies Japan," CNN World News, December 17, 1997, http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/9712/17/japan.cartoon/.

・John R. Hughes, "The Photoparoxysmal Response: The Probable Cause of Attacks during Video Games," Clinical EEG and Neuroscience 39, no. 1 (January 2008): 1-7.

・Jessica Solodar, "Commentary: ILAE Definition of Epilepsy," Epilepsia 55, no. 4(2014): 491, doi:10.1111/epi.12594.

第4章　デジタルスクリーンが「IQ」を下げる

・Michael Shayer, Denise Ginsburg, and Robert Coe, "Thirty Years on -- a Large Anti-Flynn Effect? The Piagetian Test Volume & Heaviness Norms 1975-2003," British Journal of Educational Psychology 77, no. 1 (March 2007): 25-41, doi:10.1348/000709906X96987.

・Suzy Welch, 10-10-10: A Life Transforming Idea (London: Simon & Schuster, 2009).

・Carmi Schooler, "Environmental Complexity and the Flynn Effect," in The Rising Curve: Long-Term Gains in IQ and Related Measures, ed. Ulric Neisser (Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 1998), 67-79, http://content.apa.org/books/10270-002.

・Shayer, Ginsburg, and Coe, "Thirty Years on -- a Large Anti-Flynn Effect?"

・Thomas W. Teasdale and David R. Owen, "Secular Declines in Cognitive Test Scores: A Reversal of the Flynn Effect," Intelligence 36, no. 2 (March 2008): 121-26, doi:10.1016/j.intell.2007.01.007.

・Dan J. Siegel, "An Interpersonal Neurobiology Approach to Psychotherapy," Psychiatric Annals 36, no. 4 (April 1, 2006).

・Christopher Mulligan, "The Toxic Relationship: Technology and Autism," 2012, http://www.teenvideogameaddiction.com/The_toxicrelationshipautismandtechnology.pdf.

・Heather L. Kirkorian et al., "The Impact of Background Television on Parent-Child Interaction," Child Development 80, no. 5 (October 2009): 1350-59, doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01337.x; Rosalina Richards et al., "Adolescent Screen Time and Attachment to Parents and Peers," Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 164, no. 3 (March 2010): 258-62, doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2009.280.

・Adriano Schimmenti et al., "Attachment Disorganization and Dissociation in Virtual Worlds: A Study on Problematic Internet Use among Players of Online Role Playing Games," Clinical Neuropsychiatry 9, no. 5 (2012): 195-202.

・Anne Fishel, The Family Dinner Project, FAQ page, accessed July 20, 2014, http://thefamilydinnerproject.org/resources/faq/.

・Douglas A. Gentile et al., "Protective Effects of Parental Monitoring of Children's Media Use: A Prospective Study," JAMA Pediatrics 168, no. 5 (May 2014): 479-84, doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2014.146.

・Dan J. Siegel, "An Interpersonal Neurobiology Approach to Psychotherapy."

PART2　デジタル脳を「完全回復」しよう　～4週間の究極プログラム～
第5章　RESET①「準備」を整える

・Warren Farrell, Father and Child Reunion: How to Bring the Dads We Need to the Children We Love (New York: Tarcher, 2001), 29-36.

・R. Koestner, C. Franz, and J. Weinberger, "The Family Origins of Empathic Concern: A 26-Year Longitudinal Study," Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 58, no. 4 (April 1990): 709-17.

・Farrell, Father and Child Reunion, 31, 55-56.

・Jeffrey Masson, The Emperor's Embrace: Reflections on Animal Families and Father hood (New York: Atria Books, 2014), 38-44.（『良い父親、悪い父親 : 動物行動学から見た父性』）

・Aric Sigman, "The Impact of Screen Media on Children: A Eurovision for Parliament," Improving the Quality of Childhood in Europe 3 (2012): 88-121; Douglas A. Gentile et al., "Video Game Playing, Attention Problems, and Impulsiveness: Evidence of Bidirectional Causality," Psychology of Popular Media Culture 1, no. 1 (2012): 62-70, doi:10.1037/a0026969; Victoria Dunckley, "Gray Matters: Too Much Screen Time Damages the Brain," Psychology Today, "Mental Wealth" (February 27, 2014), http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/mental-wealth/201402/gray-matters-too-much-screen-time-damages-the-brain.

第6章　RESET②～④「デジタルデトックス」をする

・F. Waldhauser et al., "Serum Melatonin in Central Precocious Puberty Is Lower than in Age-Matched Prepubertal Children," The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 73, no. 4 (October 1991): 793-96, doi:10.1210/jcem-73-4-793.

・Rollin McCraty, Mike Atkinson, and William Tiller, "The Role of Physiological Coherence in the Detection and Measurement of Cardiac Energy Exchange Between People," in Proceedings of the Tenth International Montreux Congress on Stress(Montreux, Switzerland, 1999).

第7章　デジタルデトックスの効果を「検証」する

・T. Morita and H. Tokura, "Effects of Lights of Different Color Temperature on the Nocturnal Changes in Core Temperature and Melatonin in Humans," Applied Human Science: Journal of Physiological Anthropology 15, no. 5 (September 1996): 243-46; M. R. Basso, "Neurobiological Relationships Between Ambient Lighting and the Startle Response to Acoustic Stress in Humans," International Journal of Neuroscience 110, no. 3-4 (January 1, 2001): 147-57, doi:10.3109/00207450108986542; Tomoaki Kozaki et al., "Effect of Color Temperature of Light Sources on Slow-Wave Sleep," Journal of Physiological Anthropology and Applied Human Science 24, no. 2 (March 2005): 183-86.

・Mariana G. Figueiro and Mark S. Rea, "The Effects of Red and Blue Lights on Circadian Variations in Cortisol, Alpha Amylase, and Melatonin," International Journal of Endocrinology 2010 (2010): 1-9, doi:10.1155/2010/829351; Eva Chamorro et al., "Effects of Light-Emitting Diode Radiations on Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells in Vitro," Photochemistry and Photobiology 89, no. 2 (April 2013): 468-73, doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.2012.01237.x.

・Magda Havas, Health Concerns Associated with Energy Efficient Lighting and Their Electromagnetic Emissions, Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Indentified Health Risks (SCENIHR), (June 2008); Tatsiana Mironava et al., "The Effects of UV Emission from Compact Fluorescent Light Exposure on Human Dermal Fibroblasts and Keratinocytes In Vitro," Photochemistry and Photobiology88, no. 6 (November 2012): 1497-1506, doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.2012.01192.x; A. J. Wilkins et al., "Fluorescent Lighting, Headaches and Eyestrain," Lighting Research and Technology 21, no. 1 (March 1, 1989): 11-18, doi:10.1177/096032718902100102.

第9章　AFTER RESET①デトックス後はどうする？

・Robert M. Pressman et al., "Examining the Interface of Family and Personal Traits, Media, and Academic Imperatives Using the Learning Habit Study," The American Journal of Family Therapy 42, no. 5 (October 20, 2014): 347-63, doi:10.1080/01926187.2014.935684.

・"Media and Children," American Academy of Pediatrics, accessed July 20, 2014, http://www.aap.org/en-us/advocacy-and-policy/aap-health-initiatives/Pages/Media-and-Children.aspx.

第10章　AFTER RESET②効果を持続させる「家庭のルール」

・"Blue Light Has a Dark Side," Harvard Health Publications, May 2012, http://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/blue-light-has-a-dark-side; Sarah L. Chellappa et al., "Acute Exposure to Evening Blue-Enriched Light Impacts on Human Sleep," Journal of Sleep Research 22, no. 5 (October 2013): 573-80, doi:10.1111/jsr.12050.

・"Blue Light Has a Dark Side."

・Stéphanie van der Lely et al., "Blue Blocker Glasses as a Countermeasure for Alerting Effects of Evening Light-Emitting Diode Screen Exposure in Male Teenagers," Journal of Adolescent Health (January 2015), doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.08.002.

・Dan J. Siegel, "An Interpersonal Neurobiology Approach to Psychotherapy," Psychiatric Annals 36, no. 4 (April 1, 2006).

・David Meyer, Multitasking and Task Switching (Brain, Cognition, and Action Laboratory, University of Michigan, 2006), http://www.umich.edu/~bcalab/multitasking.html; Donald T. Stuss et al., "Dissociation within the Anterior Attentional System: Effects of Task Complexity and Irrelevant Information on Reaction Time Speed and Accuracy," Neuropsychology 16, no. 4 (2002): 500-13, doi:10.1037//0894-4105.16.4.500; E. Ophir, C. Nass, and A. D. Wagner, "Cognitive Control in Media Multitaskers," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106, no. 37 (September 15, 2009): 15583-87, doi:10.1073/pnas.0903620106.

・Stephen Kaplan, "The Restorative Benefits of Nature: Toward an Integrative Framework," Journal of Environmental Psychology 15, no. 3 (1995): 169-82; Andrea Faber Taylor and Frances E. Kuo, "Children With Attention Deficits Concentrate Better After Walk in the Park," Journal of Attention Disorders 12, no. 5 (March 1, 2009): 402-9, doi:10.1177/1087054708323000; Frances E. Kuo and William C. Sullivan, "Aggression and Violence in the Inner City: Effects of Environment via Mental Fatigue," Environment and Behavior 33, no. 4 (July 1, 2001): 543-71, doi:10.1177/00139160121973124; Nancy M. Wells, "At Home with Nature: Effects of 'Greenness' on Children's Cognitive Functioning," Environment and Behavior 32, no. 6 (November 1, 2000): 775-95, doi:10.1177/00139160021972793.

・Kaplan, "The Restorative Benefits of Nature."

・Wells, "At Home with Nature: Effects of 'Greenness' on Children's Cognitive Functioning"; Kuo and Sullivan, "Aggression and Violence in the Inner City: Effects of Environment via Mental Fatigue."

・Rick Nauert, "Does Sunlight & Climate Influence Prevalence of ADHD?" Psych Central, October 22, 2013, http://psychcentral.com/news/2013/10/22/does-sunlight-climate-influence-prevalence-of-adhd/61026.html.

・A. J. Lewy, R. L. Sack, and C. M. Singer, "Melatonin, Light and Chronobiological Disorders," Ciba Foundation Symposium 117 (1985): 231-52; Palmiero Monteleone, Vassilis Martiadis, and Mario Maj, "Circadian Rhythms and Treatment Implications in Depression," Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry 35, no. 7 (August 15, 2011): 1569-74, doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.07.028.

・John J. Ratey and Eric Hagerman, Spark: The Revolutionary New Science of Exercise and the Brain (New York, NY: Little, Brown and Co., 2013), 3-5.（『脳を鍛えるには運動しかない! : 最新科学でわかった脳細胞の増やし方』）

・Stefanie L. Wells, "Moving Through the Curriculum: The Effect of Movement on Student Learning, Behavior, and Attitude," Rising Tide 5 (Summer 2012): 1-17.

・Michelle A. Short et al., "Time for Bed: Parent-Set Bedtimes Associated with Improved Sleep and Daytime Functioning in Adolescents," Sleep 34, no. 6 (June 2011): 797-800, doi:10.5665/SLEEP.1052.

・Peter Suedfeld, Janet Metcalfe, and Susan Bluck, "Enhancement of Scientific Creativity by Flotation REST (restricted Environmental Stimulation Technique)," Journal of Environmental Psychology 7, no. 3 (1987): 219-31.

・Simerpreet Ahuja and Santha Kumari, "The Impact of Extended Video Viewing on Cognitive, Affective and Behavioral Processes in Preadolescents" (Ph.D. diss., School of Management and Social Sciences, Thapar University, Patiala, Punjab, India, 2009), 21-23.

・Do-Hyung Kang et al., "The Effect of Meditation on Brain Structure: Cortical Thickness Mapping and Diffusion Tensor Imaging," Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 8, no. 1 (January 2013): 27-33, doi:10.1093/scan/nss056.

・Lisa Flook et al., "Effects of Mindful Awareness Practices on Executive Functions in Elementary School Children," Journal of Applied School Psychology 26, no. 1(February 9, 2010): 70-95, doi:10.1080/15377900903379125.

・L. Strathearn, "Maternal Neglect: Oxytocin, Dopamine and the Neurobiology of Attachment," Journal of Neuroendocrinology 23, no. 11 (November 2011): 1054-65, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2011.02228.x; Roy Pea et al., "Media Use, Face-to-Face Communication, Media Multitasking, and Social Well-Being among 8- to 12-Year-Old Girls," Developmental Psychology 48, no. 2 (March 2012): 327-36, doi:10.1037/a0027030.

・Rosalina Richards et al., "Adolescent Screen Time and Attachment to Parents and Peers," Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 164, no. 3 (March 2010): 258-62, doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2009.280; Adriano Schimmenti et al., "Attachment Disorganization and Dissociation in Virtual Worlds: A Study on Problematic Internet Use among Players of Online Role Playing Games," Clinical Neuropsychiatry 9, no. 5 (2012): 195-202; Douglas Gentile, "Pathological Video-Game Use among Youth Ages 8 to 18: A National Study," Psychological Science 20, no. 5(May 2009): 594-602, doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02340.x; Valerie Carson and Ian Janssen, "Neighborhood Disorder and Screen Time among 10-16 Year Old Canadian Youth: A Cross-Sectional Study," The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 9 (2012): 66, doi:10.1186/1479-5868-9-66.

・Helen Y. Weng et al., "Compassion Training Alters Altruism and Neural Responses to Suffering," Psychological Science 24, no. 7 (July 1, 2013): 1171-80, doi:10.1177/0956797612469537.

・Barry Sanders, A Is for Ox: The Collapse of Literacy and the Rise of Violence in an Electronic Age (New York: Vintage Books, 1995).（『本が死ぬところ暴力が生まれる : 電子メディア時代における人間性の崩壊』）

・Robert J. Rossi and Samuel C. Stringfield, "What We Must Do for Students Placed at Risk," Phi Delta Kappan 77, no. 1 (1995): 173-77; Colleen Cordes and Edward Miller, "Fool's Gold: A Critical Look at Computers in Childhood.," 2000, 28-39.

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『子どものデジタル脳 完全回復プログラム』参考文献

『子どものデジタル脳完全回復プログラム』参考文献